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Gordonia (plant)

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Gordonia
Gordonia lasianthus flower
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Theaceae
Genus: Gordonia
J.Ellis
Species

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Gordonia lasianthus leaf and branch
Gordonia lasianthus beginning to bloom, June, N. Florida
Gordonia idahoensis fossils

Gordonia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Theaceae, related to Franklinia, Camellia and Stewartia. Of the roughly 40 species, all but two are native to southeast Asia in southern China, Taiwan and Indochina. The remaining species, G. lasianthus (Loblolly-bay), is native to southeast North America, from Virginia south to Florida and west to Louisiana; G. fruticosa is native to the tropical rainforests of Central and South America, from Costa Rica to Brazil.

They are evergreen trees, growing to 10–20 m tall. The bark is thick and deeply fissured. The leaves are alternately arranged, simple, serrated, thick, leathery, glossy, and 6–18 cm long. The flowers are large and conspicuous, 4–15 cm diameter, with 5 (occasionally 6-8) white petals; flowering is in late winter or early spring. The fruit is a dry five-valved capsule, with 1-4 seeds in each section.

The species are adapted to acidic soils, and do not grow well on chalk or other calcium-rich soils. They also have a high rainfall requirement and will not tolerate drought.

Some botanists include Franklinia within Gordonia, even though recent phylogenetic studies show that Franklinia's closest living relationship is with the Asian genera Schima and not Gordonia;[1] it differs in being deciduous and flowering in late summer, not late winter. The draft Flora of China account of Theaceae in China splits Gordonia into two genera, with G. lasianthus retained in Gordonia, and the Asian species transferred to Polyspora; this treatment is not yet widely accepted. Gordonia chrysandra may have anti-inflammatory medicinal properties.[2]

Species

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There are about 22 species, including:

Image Scientific name Distribution
Gordonia acutifolia (Wawra) H.Keng 1980 Brazil
Gordonia alpestris (Krug & Urb.) H.Keng 1980 Hispaniola
Gordonia angustifolia (Britton & P.Wilson) H.Keng 1980 Cuba
Gordonia barbinervis (Moric.) Walp. 1842 Colombia to Ecuador
Gordonia benitoensis (Britton & P.Wilson) H.Keng 1980 Cuba
Gordonia brenesii (Standl.) Q.Jiménez 2011 Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panamá
Gordonia cristalensis (Borhidi & O.Muñiz) Greuter & R.Rankin 2016 Cuba
Gordonia curtyana (A.Rich.) H.Keng 1980 Cuba.
Gordonia ekmanii (O.C.Schmidt) H.Keng 1980 Cuba.
Gordonia fruticosa (Schrad.) H.Keng 1980 Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Panamá, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela
Gordonia haematoxylon Sw. 1800 Jamaica
Gordonia lasianthus (L.) Ellis 1770 publ. 1771 United States (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina )
Gordonia moaensis (Vict.) H.Keng 1980 Cuba.
Gordonia portoricensis (Krug & Urb.) H.Keng 1980 Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico
Gordonia pubescens Cav. 1787 Colombia
Gordonia robusta (Kobuski) H.Keng 1980 Colombia
Gordonia samuelssonii (O.C.Schmidt) H.Keng Hispaniola
Gordonia spathulata (Kobuski) H.Keng 1980 Brazil, Peru
Gordonia tomentosa (Mart.) Spreng. 1827 Brazil (Minas Gerais)
Gordonia urbani (O.C.Schmidt) H.Keng 1980 Cuba
Gordonia villosa Macfad. 1837 Jamaica
Gordonia wrightii (Griseb.) H.Keng 1980 Cuba.

Gordonia species from East Asia were transferred to Polyspora, including:[3]

Cultivation and uses

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Several species of Gordonia are grown as ornamental plants for their flowers produced in winter when few other trees are in flower. They are however difficult to grow compared to the similar but generally smaller-growing camellias.

References

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  1. ^ Prince, L. M. and C. R. Parks. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships of Theaceae inferred from Chloroplast DNA sequence data. Am. J. Bot. 88: 2309-2320.
  2. ^ CJ, Yang JZ, Shen ZF, Zhang DMFu HZ, Li.,"Potential Anti-inflammatory Constituents of the Stems of Gordonia chrysandra." J Nat Prod. 2011 Apr 7;
  3. ^ "Taxonomic Treatment of Chinese Polyspora Sweet(Theaceae)" (PDF). Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany. 中国科学院华南植物园. Retrieved 2009-02-13.[permanent dead link]
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